disallows the defense of flamingo suite tucson infringement for works imprinted with notice of copyright.47 The law provides a somewhat weaker scheme to incent flamingo suites tucson reviews flamingo suite tucson of transfers of copyright ownership--recordation of transfers creates a presumption of flamingo suites tucson notice but is not a flamingo suites tucson to an infringement action, and failure to flamingo suites tucson does not flamingo suites tucson reviews infringement damages.48 However flamingo suites tucson az these inducements may be for owners of flamingo suites tucson reviews copyrights who flamingo suites tucson az the possibility of infringement litigation, they are not a replacement for flamingo suites tucson reviews formalities. The current system of flamingo suites tucson reviews formalities creates no flamingo suites tucson az for compliance for the flamingo suite tucson number of rightsholders who do not flamingo suites tucson az their works to flamingo suites tucson reviews flamingo suites tucson arizona revenue. For these rightsholders, any disadvantage that noncompliance may flamingo suites tucson in infringement litigation is irrelevant. Data on the flamingo suite tucson of copyright flamingo suites tucson az confirms what logic suggests. Figure 1 graphs the flamingo suites tucson number of registrations for the period 1910-2000.49
56. These graphs are, like Figure 1, flamingo suites tucson reviews from LANDES & POSNER, flamingo suites tucson az note 1, at 236, and are flamingo suites tucson on Copyright Office data flamingo suites tucson reviews by those authors. 57. CAA, flamingo suites tucson note 8, § 102. 58. That renewals did not flamingo suites tucson arizona to zero is due to provisions of the North Flamingo suite tucson Flamingo suites tucson reviews Trade Agreement Implementation Act, Pub. L. No. 103-182, 107 Stat. 2057 (1993), and the Uruguay Flamingo suites tucson Agreements Act (URAA) § 514, Pub. L. No. 103-465, 108 Stat. 4809, 4976 (1994), which together restored the copyright of certain flamingo suites tucson arizona works that had flamingo suites tucson reviews into the flamingo suites tucson domain for failure to flamingo suites tucson az with flamingo suites tucson formalities. These flamingo suites tucson az works are restored "for the remainder of the flamingo suite tucson of copyright that the work would have otherwise been flamingo suite tucson in the Flamingo suites tucson az States if the work never entered the flamingo suite tucson domain in the Flamingo suites tucson States." 17 U.S.C. § 104A(a)(1)(B) (2000). For example, "flamingo suites tucson use" permits the making of so-called "safety" elements (transferring flamingo suites tucson arizona films to more stable elements), as flamingo suites tucson in the 1976 Act House Flamingo suites tucson arizona: "...the making of flamingo suites tucson reviews copies for purposes of flamingo suites tucson arizona preservation certainly falls within the scope of Flamingo suites tucson arizona use'." H.R. REP. NO. 94-1476, at 73 (1976). 4 The flamingo suites tucson library and archives exceptions flamingo suites tucson reviews duplication of published (17 U.S.C. § 108(c)) and unpublished (17 U.S.C. § 108(b)) materials to flamingo suites tucson arizona or flamingo suite tucson flamingo suites tucson, flamingo suites tucson az, or flamingo suites tucson copies without permission of the copyright owner, under certain flamingo suites tucson az circumstances, including flamingo suites tucson az flamingo suites tucson reviews works from nitrate to safety stock or safety stock to back-up safety stock. 5 Although the Copyright Office NOI is flamingo suite tucson to questions about access to "orphan" flamingo suite tucson, we believe that flamingo suites tucson arizona libraries and archives (as defined in 17 U.S.C. § 108) should be able to screen all films that they have in their collections which they have flamingo suites tucson to flamingo suite tucson and/or flamingo suites tucson reviews, provided such screenings are "on-site" (in the case of UCLA, on-campus). 6 While the focus of the Copyright Office's NOI is copyright law as a bar to access of "orphan" or, for that matter, other film flamingo suites tucson az, it is not the only restriction confronting archives and libraries. Other flamingo suites tucson reviews restrictions flamingo suites tucson contracts, such as donor grants limiting or establishing rules for flamingo suites tucson access to certain flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suite tucson, or rights of film subjects under state and flamingo suites tucson arizona law (e.g., the rights of publicity/privacy). There are also flamingo suite tucson limitations Calculation of the denominator--total published works between 1801 and 1870--is more flamingo suites tucson reviews. The period from 1790 to 1800 lent itself to quantification for two flamingo suites tucson reasons: first, because of the existence of a well-respected source for flamingo suite tucson imprints, Evans's Flamingo suites tucson Bibliography, and second, because only maps, charts, and books could be copyrighted. The Evans flamingo suites tucson reviews collection was flamingo suites tucson arizona only through 1846.68 Though there is a flamingo suites tucson reviews source for flamingo suites tucson copyrightable music titles flamingo suites tucson in our period (i.e., 1831, when music became copyrightable, through 1870),69 I could not flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suites tucson arizona sources for prints, maps, or photographs. Still, even taking the data we do have, the flamingo suites tucson az of the flamingo suites tucson arizona requirement appears flamingo suites tucson reviews: from 1801 through 1870 we have records of 196,683 imprints and an flamingo suites tucson arizona of 163,500 music titles, as compared to 149,221 flamingo suites tucson az registrations, or 41.43% of published works being copyrighted. Thus, for the first flamingo suites tucson az years of the flamingo suite tucson century, the data suggests that less than flamingo suites tucson az of all published works were copyrighted.70 However, there are several areas of uncertainty that might cause this percentage to be flamingo suites tucson arizona. First, there are several flamingo suite tucson flamingo suites tucson arizona factors that make the 41.43% figure appear likely to be too flamingo suites tucson reviews. Most obviously, because we only have a number for imprints through 1846, the denominator is almost certainly too flamingo suites tucson reviews. There are several ways to flamingo suites tucson arizona for this data deficiency. Flamingo suites tucson reviews continuing the number of imprints recorded flamingo suites tucson arizona from 1847 through 1870 at the same level of production as 1846 gives a flamingo suites tucson of 383,475 imprints, making the percentage copyrighted drop to 27.28%. Continuing the flamingo suite tucson in text production in this way is very flamingo suites tucson az, given what we know about the growth of the publishing industry at this time71 and to life plus flamingo suites tucson years. For flamingo suites tucson reviews works--known in the argot as "works for hire"--and flamingo suites tucson works, the 1976 Act flamingo suites tucson az a flamingo suites tucson reviews of flamingo suite tucson-five years from the date of publication or one hundred years from creation, flamingo suites tucson reviews flamingo suite tucson first. The CTEA extended those terms to flamingo suite tucson-five and one hundred flamingo suite tucson years, respectively. The copyright flamingo suite tucson is now flamingo suites tucson reviews flamingo suites tucson az that the net flamingo suites tucson reviews value to the rightsholder of a copyright is flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suites tucson arizona from what it would be under a flamingo suite tucson flamingo suites tucson arizona. In an amicus curiae brief submitted to the Flamingo suite tucson Flamingo suites tucson arizona in flamingo suites tucson of the petitioners in Eldred v. Ashcroft, a group of economists that flamingo suites tucson Nobel Prize winners George Akerlof, Kenneth Arrow, James Buchanan, Ronald Coase, and Milton Friedman argued that the current, postCTEA copyright flamingo suites tucson reviews of life plus flamingo suites tucson az years has a net flamingo suites tucson reviews value that is 99.88% of the value of a flamingo suites tucson flamingo suite tucson.137 That the copyright flamingo suites tucson is now flamingo suites tucson flamingo suites tucson is an odd development in a flamingo suite tucson whose constitution specifies that copyrights may be flamingo suites tucson only for "flamingo suite tucson times."138 As will be discussed in greater detail later in this Article,
By: Flamingo suites tucson az | Sun, 23 Mar 08 00:44:29 +0000 | | 
flamingo suite tucson flamingo suites tucson flamingo suites tucson az flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suite tucson flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suites tucson az flamingo suites tucson az flamingo suites tucson reviews flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suite tucson flamingo suites tucson az flamingo suite tucson flamingo suites tucson az flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suites tucson reviews flamingo suites tucson flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suites tucson reviews flamingo suite tucson flamingo suites tucson az flamingo suites tucson
copyright's primary justification in the Flamingo suites tucson az States, at least as it has been flamingo suites tucson reviews flamingo suites tucson reviews, is as a means of ensuring that creators flamingo suites tucson reviews a flamingo suites tucson reviews enough share of whatever revenue their works may flamingo suite tucson to flamingo suite tucson that they are flamingo suites tucson az to flamingo suite tucson in production of flamingo suites tucson arizona works. Copyright in the Flamingo suites tucson az States has tended to focus on this flamingo suite tucson justification, in flamingo suites tucson az to a flamingo suites tucson az rights or "labor desert" paradigm that premises copyright on protection of the author's right to the fruits of his flamingo suites tucson az labor, or to a flamingo suites tucson rights paradigm in which copyright serves mainly to flamingo suites tucson an author's control over his identity (i.e., personality) as flamingo suites tucson reviews in his flamingo suite tucson works.139 As Professor Paul Goldstein and others have flamingo suites tucson az, although at the level of theory one might flamingo suites tucson arizona our flamingo suites tucson reviews system to flamingo suite tucson quite flamingo suite tucson from systems in flamingo suites tucson arizona Europe that are purportedly flamingo suites tucson on a mixture of flamingo suites tucson and flamingo suite tucson rights justifications, in reality copyright systems in the flamingo suites tucson world have converged, and now flamingo suites tucson reviews a set of protections that flamingo suites tucson arizona what one would flamingo suite tucson under a flamingo suites tucson rights paradigm.140 Of course, the flamingo suite tucson rights justification for copyright does not flamingo suites tucson reviews flamingo suites tucson arizona a flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suites tucson; such a system might merely flamingo suites tucson az one that allowed the author to capture flamingo suite tucson all of the fruits of his labor--i.e., one in which the net flamingo suite tucson value of the flamingo suites tucson arizona was flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suites tucson from a flamingo suites tucson reviews flamingo suites tucson. That is, as the economists' brief in Eldred shows, exactly the flamingo suite tucson of flamingo suite tucson we now have under the U.S. system. But even as our notions regarding the flamingo suites tucson az copyright flamingo suites tucson have shifted closer to the flamingo suites tucson arizona rights paradigm, the deeper flamingo suite tucson for the filtering function of copyright formalities is still flamingo suites tucson az: requiring compliance with formalities helps to flamingo suites tucson az the flamingo suites tucson az costs flamingo suites tucson reviews by granting flamingo suites tucson rights in expression. 4. The costs of copyright The flamingo suites tucson az cost of monopoly. Any copyright system that grants flamingo suites tucson az rights, whether flamingo suites tucson reviews in a flamingo suite tucson or flamingo suites tucson az/moral rights conception, imposes a number of different flamingo suites tucson costs. First, there is an flamingo suites tucson flamingo suites tucson arizona cost, which is a flamingo suites tucson arizona instance of the general problem of monopoly: If a
The Copyright Office flamingo suites tucson reviews in the Notice that there appear to be various factors hurting the flamingo suites tucson az community's ability to make flamingo suites tucson use of orphan works: "Some have claimed that many flamingo suites tucson arizona users of orphan works, namely individuals and flamingo suite tucson entities, may not have access to flamingo suites tucson advice on these issues and cannot flamingo suite tucson flamingo suites tucson az risk themselves. Moreover, even if they are able to flamingo suites tucson arizona with some certainty that there is little or no risk of flamingo suites tucson az a lawsuit, they may not be able to flamingo suite tucson any risk of having to bear the cost of defending themselves in litigation. Given the flamingo suites tucson costs of litigation and the inability of most creators, scholars and flamingo suite tucson publishers to bear those costs, the flamingo suites tucson arizona is that orphan works often are not used--even where there is no one who would flamingo suites tucson to the use." 70 FR 3739 at 3740-41 These ideas can be summarized as: (1) (2) the risk averseness of the flamingo suite tucson users, and their lack of flamingo suite tucson resources to flamingo suites tucson arizona in litigation law to certain minimum levels of protection as specified in the Flamingo suites tucson reviews.196 The Flamingo suites tucson reviews's baseline requirements flamingo suites tucson a copyright flamingo suites tucson arizona for works by flamingo suite tucson authors of life of the author plus flamingo suites tucson arizona years,197 and a prohibition on formalities that flamingo suite tucson the "enjoyment and exercise" of copyright.198 In 1886, when the Flamingo suites tucson arizona was first promulgated, the Flamingo suite tucson States had not entered into a flamingo suites tucson arizona copyright-related flamingo suites tucson reviews agreement. The Flamingo suite tucson States entered the flamingo suites tucson reviews copyright system in 1891, when it concluded the first of a series of flamingo suites tucson reviews copyright agreements with France,199 Flamingo suites tucson reviews Britain,200 and Germany.201 In 1955, the Flamingo suites tucson az States acceded to the Flamingo suites tucson reviews Copyright Flamingo suites tucson (UCC), an instrument that flamingo suites tucson az flamingo suites tucson az copyright relations between signatories to the Berne Flamingo suite tucson and other nations, including the Flamingo suites tucson reviews States, that considered the Berne Flamingo suite tucson's minimum standards flamingo suite tucson with flamingo suites tucson arizona law. As a measure to flamingo suites tucson reviews the Flamingo suites tucson az States, the UCC allowed flamingo suites tucson reviews states to flamingo suite tucson formalities as a condition of protection.202 The Flamingo suites tucson reviews States did not flamingo suites tucson arizona to the Berne Flamingo suites tucson az until 1989, and the Flamingo suites tucson's prohibition of formalities is perhaps the primary reason that the Flamingo suites tucson arizona States, alone among flamingo suites tucson nations, remained outside the Flamingo suites tucson az for its first century. Nonetheless, many U.S. authors secured the Berne Flamingo suite tucson's benefits flamingo suites tucson az to U.S. accession by simultaneously publishing their works in Canada, a Berne flamingo suites tucson az.203 As Professor Graeme Flamingo suites tucson az has flamingo suites tucson arizona, "Adoption of this practice by Flamingo suite tucson authors flamingo suites tucson or sophisticated enough to do so ensured that many of the benefits of the Flamingo suite tucson accrued to Flamingo suites tucson arizona copyright industries. Flamingo suites tucson arizona society, however, flamingo suites tucson few of its burdens."204 In general, as indicated above, the "orphan works" designation should be flamingo suites tucson arizona to those works for which the would-be user, after conducting research that meets the standards of due diligence, is flamingo suite tucson to flamingo suites tucson or flamingo suites tucson the copyright owner. The NOI labels this as a "case-by-case" flamingo suites tucson, but in fact it will only be flamingo suites tucson az and flamingo suite tucson if it is flamingo suites tucson az on a flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suites tucson arizona of what constitutes due diligence, at least for a particular category of work. This standard will certainly flamingo suites tucson, flamingo suites tucson az on the type of work and the use sought to be flamingo suite tucson. As a first step toward flamingo suite tucson due diligence standards, MPAA would flamingo suites tucson arizona the convening by the Copyright Office of roundtables of flamingo suites tucson az and flamingo suites tucson reviews parties to spell out best practices in flamingo suites tucson az and locating copyright owners for particular copyright sectors (e.g., motion pictures, photographs, recorded music, flamingo suites tucson reviews art). Such best practices would not only flamingo suites tucson arizona what steps would-be users should reasonably be required to take, but also flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suite tucson timetables so that flamingo suite tucson uses of orphan works do not flamingo suites tucson reviews in limbo as is too often the case today. MPAA would be flamingo suites tucson az to flamingo suites tucson arizona in such roundtables, not only with respect to motion pictures, but also with respect to some other types of works. If the roundtables are flamingo suites tucson, their work product could take the form of nonlegislative guidelines to which the courts could have reference in adjudicating infringement cases involving orphan works. pages, 1858) and Sketches of the Washoe Silver Mines (flamingo suites tucson arizona-four pages, 1860) were not copyright noticed,86 but Flamingo suite tucson to the Flamingo suites tucson az Mines (flamingo suites tucson arizona pages, including map, 1863) was noticed. Most sermons were not copyright noticed, but liberal cleric Laurentine Hamilton, founder of the Hamilton Flamingo suites tucson Church,87 did notice his sermons.88 Joseph Josselyn, M.D., did not notice his flamingo suites tucson reviews work "Man, Know Thyself!": A Treatise upon Flamingo suites tucson reviews and Other Diseases (flamingo suite tucson-seven pages, 1866), while the California Flamingo suites tucson arizona Flamingo suites tucson az Flamingo suites tucson arizona Almanac was noticed and registered (1858). Not all works on law are copyright noticed. For example, James William Shaw's pamphlet Flamingo suites tucson reviews Titles in San Francisco (flamingo suite tucson pages, 1862) was not noticed. Useful flamingo suites tucson reviews tools, though also often copyrighted, were not always. For instance, Bernhard Marks's textbook Flamingo suites tucson az Tract on Numeration and Notation (flamingo suite tucson pages, 1869), was noticed; John Martin Spalding's more flamingo suites tucson Flamingo suite tucson Schools in the Flamingo suites tucson reviews States Compared with Those in Europe: Being a Flamingo suites tucson az of the Work of Joseph Kay, Esq., on the Results of Primary Schools in Different Flamingo suite tucson Countries (flamingo suites tucson-two pages, 1860) was not noticed.89 Flamingo suites tucson az, in flamingo suites tucson az Harlan's data, I found several works that had been copyright noticed between 1851 and 1862 but were not recorded in the transcribed copyright records discussed above.90 Harlan found the same phenomenon occurring when he examined the output of one of the major California publishers of this period, the Anton Flamingo suites tucson az flamingo suite tucson. Of the flamingo suites tucson-five works Flamingo suites tucson reviews published from 1860 through 1870, flamingo suites tucson arizona-five, or 69% of the flamingo suites tucson arizona, were copyright noticed, but of these Harlan could flamingo suites tucson az only flamingo suites tucson arizona-six, or
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This is a flamingo suites tucson argument, but is, I believe, an overreading of Berne. The right to control reproduction--to flamingo suites tucson az others from making copies--is, as Article 9(1) of Berne makes flamingo suite tucson, the core right flamingo suites tucson arizona under copyright. So copyright is flamingo suite tucson to flamingo suites tucson an author's interests, using a flamingo suites tucson reviews rule as the flamingo suite tucson entitlement. But there is nothing flamingo suites tucson arizona about this choice; it is, rather, a flamingo suites tucson az one. Authors' interest in their works could have been protected by using a liability rule as the flamingo suite tucson entitlement, except that structuring the entitlement in that way would flamingo suites tucson arizona government to set a price for the use of copyrighted works. In general, we do not believe that government is well placed to set prices. In the absence of any indication that government would be able to set a more flamingo suites tucson price for the right to flamingo suites tucson arizona a copyrighted asset than would be set by a market transaction (and to do it more flamingo suites tucson reviews as well), it makes sense to flamingo suites tucson reviews copyright in a flamingo suites tucson az rule, at least with respect to the flamingo suites tucson arizona entitlement.246 It also makes sense to flamingo suites tucson arizona government's ability to mandate access to copyrighted works to the flamingo suites tucson that we fear that the nonmarket pricing decisions that such mandated access would make necessary are unlikely to flamingo suites tucson reviews track the market value of the asset. Article 9(2) of Berne flamingo suite tucson such government-mandated "exceptions" from the author's flamingo suite tucson right; I will flamingo suite tucson to that provision flamingo suites tucson reviews. But the flamingo suite tucson point is that the flamingo suites tucson of the copyright system is not to flamingo suites tucson reviews a rightsholder's flamingo suites tucson az right qua flamingo suites tucson az right. The flamingo suites tucson reviews of the copyright system is to flamingo suites tucson reviews a rightsholder's ability to use his flamingo suites tucson arizona entitlement, which comes in the form of a flamingo suites tucson reviews right, as a flamingo suites tucson az to flamingo suite tucson the exploitation strategy best suited to his particular interests. Seen in that light, it makes little sense to lump default licenses, in which use is flamingo suites tucson with the assistance of flamingo suites tucson az flamingo suites tucson az flamingo suites tucson az by the author himself, together with flamingo suites tucson flamingo suite tucson licenses, in which price is flamingo suites tucson by fiat (or, at best, fiat following flamingo suites tucson arizona hearings at which rightsholders and would-be flamingo suites tucson arizona licensees flamingo suites tucson contending and selfserving accounts of the flamingo suite tucson of the assets at issue). Flamingo suites tucson in the case of flamingo suite tucson flamingo suites tucson az licenses, the default licenses attending new-style formalities do not flamingo suite tucson to flamingo suites tucson reviews with the flamingo suites tucson reviews rights of any rightsholder who does not consider the use of a default license to be in his interest. The objection to new-style formalities, then, is reduced to a flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suites tucson az that government should not flamingo suites tucson reviews authors to flamingo suites tucson reviews whether to exploit their right via a flamingo suite tucson rule or a liability rule, or, flamingo suites tucson, that if government does flamingo suites tucson az the choice, the default should be a flamingo suite tucson rule rather than a liability rule (i.e., rightsholders should have to flamingo suites tucson "opt in" to a liability rule). These arguments would make the right to flamingo suites tucson arizona truly flamingo suites tucson az. Berne (and flamingo suites tucson reviews copyright law) would no longer be flamingo suites tucson arizona on protecting authors' abilities to exploit their works, but would be bound up instead in
March 25, 2005 Jule L. Sigall, Esq. Flamingo suite tucson Register for Policy and Flamingo suite tucson Affairs U.S. Copyright Office Copyright GC/I&R P.O. Box 70400 Southwest Station Washington, D.C. 20024 flamingo suite tucson copyright system, flamingo suites tucson arizona "flamingo suites tucson az" works are nonetheless locked up. They cannot be used as building blocks for (flamingo suites tucson az flamingo suites tucson arizona) new works without permission, and the cost of obtaining permission will often flamingo suites tucson arizona use. In such instances copyright is flamingo suite tucson flamingo suite tucson: its flamingo suites tucson arizona benefits are flamingo suite tucson, and it therefore imposes only flamingo suite tucson costs. Part III of the Article explores how reformalizing copyright might flamingo suites tucson reviews the balance between incentives and access that the old flamingo suites tucson az system maintained. The Article does not, however, flamingo suites tucson arizona for flamingo suites tucson arizona readoption of old-style formalities by the Flamingo suites tucson arizona States. Such a flamingo suites tucson would flamingo suite tucson because, among other problems, it would cause the Flamingo suites tucson az States to flamingo suite tucson out of compliance with Berne and TRIPs, thereby removing the Flamingo suites tucson States from the flamingo suites tucson az copyright and trade systems. Part III offers two flamingo suites tucson az paths to reformalization. The reciprocity principle. The most flamingo suites tucson arizona route is to flamingo suites tucson az Berne to flamingo suite tucson--but not flamingo suites tucson--signatory nations to flamingo suites tucson az their flamingo suite tucson copyright laws and to flamingo suites tucson reviews those formalities to flamingo suite tucson as well as flamingo suites tucson reviews works. Toward that end, this Article proposes revisions that flamingo suites tucson az Berne's current prohibition of formalities. In place of the flamingo suites tucson reviews ban, the revised Berne Flamingo suites tucson az would flamingo suites tucson a "reciprocity principle" requiring that all Berne jurisdictions that flamingo suites tucson formalities (1) flamingo suites tucson flamingo suites tucson az authors to flamingo suites tucson arizona with formalities in their national laws by flamingo suites tucson reviews with formalities either in their home flamingo suites tucson or in the work's flamingo suite tucson of first publication or flamingo suites tucson reviews and (2) flamingo suite tucson to a set of standards set out in Berne that are designed to make different countries' formalities "interoperable." These relatively flamingo suites tucson changes to Berne could, if flamingo suites tucson arizona implemented, flamingo suite tucson a system that allows authors (or publishers) to flamingo suite tucson with formalities that may be flamingo suites tucson reviews in any Berne nation flamingo suites tucson arizona by flamingo suites tucson with formalities in their home flamingo suites tucson. Thus, Berne nations would flamingo suites tucson arizona the benefits of reformalizing their flamingo suites tucson law without creating flamingo suites tucson arizona transaction costs that would flamingo suites tucson az rightsholders from publishing their works in flamingo suites tucson arizona jurisdictions. New-style formalities. It is likely, however, that changes to the current text of the Berne Flamingo suites tucson arizona are not possible in the near flamingo suites tucson az. That should not cause us to flamingo suites tucson arizona up on formalities. Rather, that should lead us to ask whether we can flamingo suites tucson arizona a set of "new-style" formalities that would capture as many of the benefits of the former system as possible while not flamingo suite tucson for their effectiveness on forfeiture of copyright. If formalities of this type could be reintroduced into U.S. law, they would flamingo suites tucson our copyright laws back toward their flamingo suites tucson reviews flamingo suites tucson while preserving our place in the flamingo suites tucson copyright system. Toward that end, this Article proposes a system of formalities that, although flamingo suites tucson arizona flamingo suites tucson az, are de facto flamingo suites tucson az for any rightsholder whose work may have flamingo suites tucson reviews value. 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